make
There is alternate code that is based on the author’s notes for DOS/Windows. This cannot be tested by us, not even to compile, but it appears that it should be fine, after the proper header files were added.
The current status of this entry is:
STATUS: INABIAF - please **DO NOT** fix
For more detailed information see 2006 toledo2 bugs.
./toledo2
To end execution press ctrl-z
. As mentioned in the author’s remarks and in the
below section, it is supposed to crash on termination though some noted this
does not seem to happen in macOS or linux in 2023.
./toledo2
and then type in the following:
10 PRINT "HELLO WORLD!"
LIST
RUN
To end the program hit ctrl-z.
This version, as noted, should work for DOS/Windows. It uses non-standard
functions in place of read(2)
and write(2)
.
make alt
The author noted that for PC/DOS you will have to add ANSI.SYS
to your
CONFIG.SYS
but this is also something we can’t test.
Use toledeo2.alt
as you would toledo2
above.
We’re impressed! Last year, it was a
6502 emulator; this year,
it’s 8080! It requires an input file
(C
) to be present, but it does not have to be one of C.BASIC
or C.BIOS
-
you’re welcome to write a standalone 8080 program yourself! How about C.FORTH
or C.LISP
?
In addition to the functionality you could expect from a program of this size, it allows importing files from the host file system (one by one, so you’ll have to be patient).
Remember the good old days and play (or let your kids play)
Adventure (in the directory ADVENTUR
);
walking in a maze of twisty little passages all alike is easier than
understanding the code!
NOTE: The KAYPROII.ZIP
file originally came from
http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/os/KAYPROII.ZIP.
For your convenience, we have included KAYPROII.ZIP
in this entry.
Both the make all
and the make alt
unzip that file, and the make clobber
removes those files extracted from the KAYPROII.ZIP
.
This program emulates a complete Intel(r) 8080 processor, along with a teletype and a disk controller, just like at the start of the personal computers revolution (circa 1975).
It needs an initial memory image to do something usable, so along with it you
will find two files: (C.BASIC and C.BIOS). Rename
C.BASIC to C
(NOTE from the judges: running make
will do this for
you), run the emulator, and et voila! you have the public domain Palo Alto Tiny
BASIC (by Li-Chen Wang), published in
the very first volume of Dr. Dobb’s
Journal.
Type using uppercase letters. Here are three example programs. Press Enter after each line:
10 PRINT "Hello, world!"
LIST
RUN
10 FOR A=1 TO 10
20 PRINT A\
30 NEXT A\
LIST\
RUN
10 INPUT A
20 INPUT B
30 PRINT A+B
LIST
RUN
Press Ctrl+Z to quit. By the way, the segmentation fault is normal at this point.
All good programmers started learning BASIC, now, what about a CP/M emulator?
Copy CPM64.COM
to files named A
and B
(these
will be the disk drives). Now rename the provided C.BIOS
to C
and
run the emulator.
Now you have a running CP/M system!, with
two files on A: drive, HALT.COM
to stop the emulator (so it closes drives) and
IMPORT.COM
to introduce new files. The two files are created automatically
by the provided C.BIOS.
To get a complete CP/M system, you will need the following files
from the SOURCE
directory:
ASM.COM DDT.COM DUMP.COM ED.COM LOAD.COM
PIP.COM STAT.COM SUBMIT.COM XSUB.COM
To import them, you must run the emulator with an argument, by example:
./toledo2 DDT.COM
When the >
prompt appears, do:
IMPORT DDT.COM
When it ends, do HALT
, so the file is closed, and you can start
the same process with another file.
At this time I have tested successfully the following software from http://www.retroarchive.org:
Some programs require installation to configure the terminal, locate ANSI or VT-100.
It is simply the little brother of the
Z80; it has no extended
registers (AF'
, BC'
, DE'
, HL'
, IX
or IY
), no relative jumps,
and no instruction beginning with CB
, DD
, ED
or FD
exists.
The flags are only S
(Sign, bit 7), Z
(Zero, bit 6), P
(Parity,
bit 2) and C
(Carry, bit 0).
It is easy if your platform has getch()
/kbhit()
and
ANSI terminal:
read --> Z=kbhit()?getch():0
write --> putchar(7[o])
system --> nothing
Notice that you’ll have to do #include <conio.h>
as well.
Also add the following to trap Ctrl-C:
#include <signal.h>
signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
NOTE: this is what the alternate code is for!
NOTE from the judges: in Unix like systems getch()
is part of curses but this
is not what is needed.
On PC/DOS you need to add ANSI.SYS
to CONFIG.SYS
.
In Unix the min 0 on stty
is required but circa 2001
it was not required.
The l
array contains the 64K memory; it is initialized with a boot image
loaded from the C
file. The program
counter is the c
pointer and
registers are in o[]
. The
main loop reads every opcode and
separates them in one of three common forms. A lot of ternary operators selects
the instruction.
o[0] = B register o[1] = C register
o[2] = D register o[3] = E register
o[4] = H register o[5] = L register
o[6] = Flags o[7] = A or accumulator
The following instructions do peripheral operation:
76 Quits emulator
DB 00 Reads key pressed status
DB 01 Reads key
DB 02 Reads byte from file (Carry=EOF)
D3 xx Writes byte from acc. to console
ED ED 02 Reads sector
ED ED 03 Writes sector
Memory addresses:
FBFA = Low source/target direction
FBFB - High source/target direction
FBFC - Sector
FBFD - Low cylinder
FBFE - High cylinder
FBFF - Drive.
The BIOS is tailor made for this emulator, and helps to simplify it.